Climate Under Cover

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Europe and North America.- 1.3 Asia.- 1.4 Japan.- Problems.- 2. Definition of Covering and Properties of Covering Materials.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Mulching.- 2.3 Row covers (Tunnels).- 2.4 Floating mulches (Floating row cover).- 2.5 Rain shelters.- 2.6 Unheated greenhouses.- 2.7 Covering materials.- Problems.- 3. Digital Simulation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 System dynamics.- 3.3 Simulation languages.- 3.4 Digital simulation by CSMP.- 3.5 Model structure and representation.- 3.6 A model for temperature regimes in the soil (CUC-01.- 3.7 Application to steady-state models.- Problems.- 4. Heat Balance of Bare Ground.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Convective heat transfer.- 4.3 A model with solar radiation and air temperature boundary condition (CUC-02).- 4.4 Mass transfer.- 4.5 A model with latent heat transfer (CUC-03).- 4.6 Radiation balance.- 4.7 Long-wave radiation.- Problems.- 5. Solar Radiation Environment.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Units of radiation and light.- 5.3 Solar radiation properties of covering materials.- 5.4 Calculation of transmissivity (CUC-04).- 5.5 Solar radiation.- 5.6 The sun’s altitude and azimuth.- Problems.- 6. Temperature Environment under Cover.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Effect of mulching.- 6.3 Temperature environment under row covers (CUC-30).- 6.4 Double layer greenhouse model (CUC-50).- 6.5 A pad and fan greenhouse model (CUC-35).- Problems.- 7. CO2 Environment.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 CO2 concentration in soil layer (CUC-70).- 7.3 CO2 concentration in a plastic house and ventilation.- Problems.- 8. Water and Water Vapor Environment.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Water and water vapor movement in soil.- 8.3 Application to water and heat balance in soil layer (CUC-90).- 8.4 Interaction between water movement andheat flow.- Problems.- 9. Control Function.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 System response.- 9.3 PID control.- 9.4 Temperature control logic (CUC-120).- 9.5 Feedback vs. feedforward control.- Problems.- 10. Plant Response to the Environment.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Plant photosynthesis and respiration.- 10.3 Energy balance of a plant leaf.- 10.4 Stomata resistance of plant (CUC-151).- 10.5 Plant growth model.- Problems.- References.