Legal Informatics

List of Figures page viii
List of Tables xi
List of Contributors xii

Part I Introduction to legal informatics 1
1.1 Motivation and Rationale for this Book
Michael J. Bommarito II, Daniel Martin Katz, and Ron Dolin 3
1.2 Technology Issues in Legal Philosophy
Ron Dolin 5
1.3 The Origins and History of Legal Informatics
Michael J. Bommarito II 24

Part II legal informatics: building blocks and core concepts 31
A. Information representation, preprocessing, and document assembly 33
2.1 Representation of Legal Information
Katie Atkinson 35
2.2 Information Intermediation
Ron Dolin 41
2.3 Preprocessing Data
Michael J. Bommarito II 55
2.4 XML in Law: The Role of Standards in Legal Informatics
Ron Dolin 61
2.5 Document Automation
Marc Lauritsen 69

B. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, and blockchain 85
2.6 AI + Law: An Overview
Daniel Martin Katz 87
2.7 Machine Learning and Law
Daniel Martin Katz and John J. Nay 94
2.8 Natural Language Processing for Legal Texts
John J. Nay 99
2.9 Introduction to Blockchain and Cryptography
Nelson M. Rosario 114

C. Process improvement, gamification, and design thinking 121
2.10 Legal Informatics-Based Technology in Broader Workflows
Kenneth A. Grady 123
2.11 Gamification of Work and Feedback Systems
Stephanie Kimbro 136
2.12 Introduction to Design Thinking for Law
Margaret Hagan 155

D. Evaluation 177
2.13 Measuring Legal Quality
Ron Dolin 179

Part III Use cases in legal informatics 201
A. Contracts and patents 203
3.1 Contract Analytics
Noah Waisberg 205
3.2 Contracts as Interfaces: Visual Representation Patterns in Contract Design
Helena Haapio and Stefania Passera 213
3.3 Distributed Ledgers, Cryptography, and Smart Contracts Nina Gunther Kilbride 239
3.4 Patent Analytics: Information from Innovation
Andrew W. Torrance and Jevin D. West 257

B. Litigation and e-discovery 289
3.5 The Core Concepts of E-discovery
Jonathan Kerry-Tyerman and A. J. Shankar 291
3.6 Predictive Coding in E-discovery and the NexLP Story Engine
Irina Matveeva 315
3.7 Examining Public Court Data to Understand and Predict Bankruptcy Case Results
Warren E. Agin 335

C. Legal research, government data, and access to legal information 355
3.8 Fastcase, and the Visual Understanding of Judicial Precedents
Ed Walters and Jeff Asjes 357
3.9 Mining Information from Statutory Texts in a Public Health Domain
Kevin D. Ashley 371
3.10 Gov2Vec: A Case Study in Text Model Application to Government Data
John J. Nay 393
3.11 Representation and Automation of Legal Information
Katie Atkinson 397

D. Dispute resolution and access to justice 407
3.12 Online Dispute Resolution
Dave Orr and Colin Rule 409
3.13 Access to Justice and Technology: Reaching a Greater Future for Legal Aid
Ronald W. Staudt and Alexander F. A. Rabanal 416
3.14 Designing Legal Experiences: Online Communication and Resolution in Courts
Maximilian A. Bulinski and J. J. Prescott 430

Part IV Legal informatics in the industrial context 449
A. Challenges facing innovation in law 451
4.1 Adaptive Innovation: The Innovator’s Dilemma in Big Law
Ron Dolin and Thomas Buley 453
4.2 Legal Data Access
Christine Bannan 467

B. Large firm and corporate legal informatics case studies 481
4.3 A History of Knowledge Management at Littler Mendelson
Scott Rechtschaffen 483
4.4 Legal Operations at Google
Mary O’Carroll and Stephanie Kimbro 501